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The Role of Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert Performance (by K. Anders Ericsson, Ralf Th. Krampe, and Clemens Tesch-Romer)
08/06/2009
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Abstract: The theoretical framework presented in this article explains expert performance as the end result ofindividuals' prolonged efforts to improve performance while negotiating motivational and external constraints. In most domains of expertise, individuals begin in their childhood a regimen of effortful activities (deliberate practice) designed to optimize improvement. Individual differences,even among elite performers, are closely related to assessed amounts of deliberate practice. Many characteristics once believed to reflect innate talent are actually the result of intense practice extended for a minimum of 10 years. Analysis of expert performance provides unique evidence on the potential and limits of extreme environmental adaptation and learning.
Psychological Review 1993, Vol. 100. No. 3, 363-406 Copyright 1993 by the American Psychological Association, Inc.0033-295X/93/S3.00
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